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            <title type="main">The Confession of St Patrick</title>
            <title type="sub">A digital edition of the English translation by Pádraig McCarthy</title>            
            <author>
               <persName>Patrick</persName> (<persName type="latin">Patricius</persName>,
               <persName type="old-irish">Pátraic</persName>, <persName type="irish"
                  >Pádraig</persName>) <date>(c.420–490?)</date>
               <roleName>Bishop</roleName>, <roleName>Patron Saint of Ireland</roleName>
            </author>
            <author>
               <persName>Pádraig McCarthy</persName>
               <roleName>Translator</roleName>
            </author>
            <editor>The Saint Patrick's Confessio Hypertext Stack Project</editor>
            <principal>
               <name>
                  <persName>Anthony Harvey</persName>
                  <roleName>Project Leader</roleName>
                  <orgName>Royal Irish Academy</orgName>
               </name>
            </principal>
            <editor>
               <name>
                  <persName>Franz Fischer</persName>
                  <roleName>Postdoctoral Researcher</roleName>
                  <orgName>Royal Irish Academy</orgName>
               </name>
            </editor>
            <respStmt>
               <resp>Translation from Latin by</resp>
               <persName>Pádraig McCarthy</persName>
            </respStmt>
            <respStmt>
               <resp>Project Leader</resp>
               <persName>Anthony Harvey</persName>
            </respStmt>
            <respStmt>
               <resp>Project Researcher</resp>
               <name>
                  <persName>Franz Fischer</persName>
                  <roleName>Principal Researcher</roleName>
               </name>
            </respStmt>
            <respStmt>
               <resp>Project Interns</resp>
               <name>
                  <persName>Roman Bleier</persName>
                  <roleName>Erasmus Postgrad Intern 2011</roleName>
               </name>
               <name>
                  <persName>Alessio Frenda</persName>
                  <roleName>Summer Postgrad Intern 2010</roleName>
               </name>
               <name>
                  <persName>Daniela Schulz</persName>
                  <roleName>Summer Postgrad Intern 2011</roleName>
               </name>
            </respStmt>
            <respStmt>
               <resp>Structural Markup Transformation</resp>
               <name>
                  <persName>Randall Cream</persName>
                  <orgName>Digital Humanities Observatory</orgName>
                  <orgName>Royal Irish Academy</orgName>
               </name>
            </respStmt>
         </titleStmt>
         <editionStmt>    
               <p>The Stack gathers high resolution scans of all extant manuscript
                  testimonies and – in the form of a meta-edition – reproductions of relevant
                  editions that have been published: From the editio princeps, that is the first
                  ever printed version of the Confessio – edited by Sir James Ware in 1656 and
                  based on the Irish and British manuscript copies only – up to the canonical
                  version of the critical text established in the scholarly edition by Ludwig
                  Bieler in 1950.</p>            
         </editionStmt>
         <publicationStmt>
            <p>The Saint Patrick’s Confessio Hypertext Stack Project is funded under the Irish
               government Programme for Research in Third-Level Institutions (PRTLI), Cycle 4.
               It is part of the Humanities Serving Irish Society (HSIS) initiative, a
               partnership of equals committed to developing an inter-institutional research
               infrastructure for the humanities. The Hyperstack is one of two projects running
               at Royal Irish Academy under the label ADR, "Academy Digital Resources",
               supported by the Digital Humanities Observatory (DHO). (The second ADR project
               being the Doegen Project building up a digital archive of Irish dialect
               recordings).</p>
            <p>The Hyperstack Project was conceived and is overseen by Dr Anthony Harvey, editor
               of the Royal Irish Academy Dictionary of Medieval Latin from Celtic Sources.
               Since September 2008 Dr Franz Fischer has been the postdoctoral researcher in
               charge. A series of collaborators facilitate the project and greatly enhance its
               value. Not least there is a postgrad intern for three months each summer.</p>
            <p>The St Patrick’s Confessio Hypertext Stack Project aims to give Irish society as
               direct access as possible to the historical Patrick. In order to achieve this
               the project aims to build up a comprehensive digital research environment to
               make accessible to academic specialists, as well as to interested lay people,
               all the textual aspects of the real St Patrick’s own work.</p>
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            <bibl>
               <title type="main">My Name is Patrick</title>
               <title type="subtitle">The Confessio of St Patrick and his Letter to the Soldiers of Coroticus</title>
               <author> <persName>Patrick</persName> <date>(c.420–490?)</date>
                  <roleName>Bishop</roleName>, <roleName>Patron Saint of Ireland</roleName></author>          
         <author>
            <persName>Pádraig McCarthy</persName> 
            <roleName>Translator</roleName>
            <placeName>St John the Baptist parish, Blackrock, Co. Dublin</placeName>           
         </author> 
               <note type="rights">
                  <persName>Pádraig McCarthy</persName> 
                  <date>© 2003</date>
                  <quote>You are encouraged to copy this freely, as long as you include the copyright notice as on the front. 
                     Please look only to cover the costs you incur.
                  </quote>
               </note>
            </bibl>  
         </sourceDesc>
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         <p>All electronic text versions of St Patrick's  Confessio and his his Letter to the Soldiers of Coroticus
            are structured in correspondence to the original Latin as established
            by <ref type="biblio" cRef="White1905">N.J. White in his print edition from 1905</ref> and as maintained in the
            <ref type="biblio" cRef="Bieler1950-1951">'canonical edition' by L. Bieler in 1950</ref> in order to align the original 
            with the translations paragraph by paragraph. Bibliographical references refer to the HyperStack bibliography.
         </p>
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     <body>
         <head><title>The Confession of St Patrick</title></head>
            <div xml:id="C01_eng" n="01" part="I" corresp="C01_lat">
            <p>My name is Patrick. I am a sinner, a simple country person, and the least of all
               believers. I am looked down upon by many.</p>
            <p>My father was Calpornius. He was a deacon; his father was Potitus, a priest, who
               lived at Bannavem Taburniae<note place="foot">
                  There are various theories about the whereabouts of Bannavem Taburniae; none is
                     conclusive. In <ref type="internal" cRef="confessio_english" target="C43_eng">section 43</ref>, he writes of going to Britain, with the intriguing
                     phrase “quasi ad patriam” – “as though (or nearly) to my native land”. He
                     mentions Britain also in <ref type="internal" cRef="confessio_english" target="C23_eng">section 23</ref>.
               </note>. 
               His home was near there, and that is where I was taken prisoner. I was about
               sixteen at the time.</p>
            <p>At that time, I did not know the true God. I was taken into captivity in Ireland,
               along with thousands of others. We deserved this, because we had gone away from God,
               and did not keep his commandments. We would not listen to our priests, who advised us
               about how we could be saved<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Dan9,5-6">Daniel 9:5-6</ref>:
                  We have gone aside from your commandments … we have not listened to your
                     servants the prophets.
               </note>. 
               The Lord brought his strong anger upon us, and scattered us among many
               nations even to the ends of the earth. It was among foreigners that it was seen how
               little I was. </p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C02_eng" n="02" part="F" corresp="C02_lat">
            <p>It was there that the Lord opened up my awareness of my lack of faith. Even though it
               came about late, I recognised my failings. So I turned with all my heart to the Lord
               my God<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Joel2,11">Joel 2:11</ref>:
                  Come back to me with all your heart.
               </note>, and he looked down on my lowliness<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Luk1,48">Luke 1:48</ref>:
                  He looked on the lowliness of his servant.
               </note>
               and had mercy on my youthful ignorance. He guarded me before I knew him, and
               before I came to wisdom and could distinguish between good and evil. He protected me
               and consoled me as a father does for his son.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C03_eng" n="03" corresp="C03_lat">
            <p>That is why I cannot be silent – nor would it be good to do so – about such great
               blessings and such a gift that the Lord so kindly bestowed in the land of my
               captivity. This is how we can repay such blessings, when our lives change and we come
               to know God, to praise and bear witness to his great wonders before every nation
               under heaven.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C04_eng" n="04" corresp="C04_lat">
            <p>This is because there is no other God, nor will there ever be, nor was there ever,
               except God the Father. He is the one who was not begotten, the one without a
               beginning, the one from whom all beginnings come, the one who holds all things in
               being – this is our teaching.</p>
            <p>And his son, Jesus Christ, whom we testify has always been, since before the
               beginning of this age, with the father in a spiritual way. He was begotten in an
               indescribable way before every beginning. Everything we can see, and everything
               beyond our sight, was made through him. He became a human being; and, having overcome
               death, was welcomed to the heavens to the Father. The Father gave him all power over
               every being, both heavenly and earthly and beneath the earth. Let every tongue
               confess that Jesus Christ, in whom we believe and whom we await to come back to us in
               the near future, is Lord and God<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Phil2,9-11">Philippians 2:9-11</ref>:
                  Every knee should bow at the name of Jesus, in heaven, on earth, and under the
                     earth. Every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of
                     God the Father.
               </note>. He is judge of the living and of the dead<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Act10,42">Acts 10:42</ref>:
                  God appointed him judge of the living and of the dead.
               </note>; he rewards every person according to their deeds<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Rom2,6">Romans 2:6</ref>:
                  He will reward each one according to his works.
               </note>. He has generously poured on us the Holy Spirit<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Tit3,5-6">Titus 3:5-6</ref>:
                  The Holy Spirit, whom he abundantly poured upon us.
               </note>, the gift and promise of immortality, who makes believers and those who
               listen to be children of God and co-heirs with Christ<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Rom8,16-17">Romans 8:16-17</ref>:
                  We are children of God, and joint heirs with Christ.
               </note>. This is the one we acknowledge and adore – one God in a trinity of the
               sacred name.</p>
         </div>
         <div xml:id="C05_eng" n="05" corresp="C05_lat">
            <p>He said through the prophet: ‘Call on me in the day of your distress, and I will set
               you free, and you will glorify me<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Ps50,15">Psalm 49(50):15</ref>:
                  Call on me in the day of trouble. I will deliver you and you will glorify
                     me.
               </note>.’ Again he said: ‘It is a matter of honour to reveal and tell forth the works
               of God<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Tob">Tobit 12:7</ref>:
                  It is honourable to reveal and confess the works of God.
               </note>.’</p>
         </div>
         <div xml:id="C06_eng" n="06" corresp="C06_lat">
            <p>Although I am imperfect in many ways, I want my brothers and relations to know what
               I’m really like, so that they can see what it is that inspires my life.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C07_eng" n="07" corresp="C07_lat">
            <p>I am not ignoring the evidence of my Lord, who testifies in the psalm: ‘You destroy
               those who speak lies<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Ps5,6">Psalm 5:7</ref>:
                  You destroy all who speak a lie.
               </note>.’ And again he says: ‘A mouth which lies kills the soul.’ And the same Lord
               says in the gospel: ‘The idle words which people speak, they will account for on the
               day of judgment<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Mat12,36">Matthew 12:36</ref>:
                  Every idle word that people speak, they shall render an account for it on the
                     day of judgment.
               </note>.’</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C08_eng" n="08" corresp="C08_lat">
            <p>So I should greatly dread, with fear and trembling, this sentence on that day, where
               nobody can avoid or escape, but all shall give complete account of the least of sins
               before the tribunal of the Lord Christ.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C09_eng" n="09" corresp="C09_lat">
            <p>This is why I have long thought to write, but up to now I have hesitated, because I
               feared what people would say. This is because I did not learn as others did, who
               drank in equally well both the law and the sacred writings, and never had to change
               their way of speaking since childhood, but always grew better and better at it. For
               me, however, my speech and words have been translated into a foreign language, as it
               can be easily seen from my writings the standard of the instruction and learning I
               have had. As it is said: ‘The wise person is known through speech, and also
               understanding and knowledge and the teaching of truth<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Sir4,29">Sirach 4:29</ref>:
                  Wisdom is recognised through the tongue, and knowledge and learning by the word
                     of the wise.
               </note>.’</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C10_eng" n="10" corresp="C10_lat">
            <p>However, even though there’s truth in my excuse, it gets me nowhere. Now, in my old
               age, I want to do what I was unable to do in my youth. My sins then prevented me from
               really taking in what I read. But who believes me, even were I to repeat what I said
               previously? I was taken prisoner as a youth, particularly young in the matter of
               being able to speak, and before I knew what I should seek and what I should avoid.
               That is why, today, I blush and am afraid to expose my lack of experience, because I
               can’t express myself with the brief words I would like in my heart and soul.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C11_eng" n="11" corresp="C11_lat">
            <p>If I had been given the same chance as other people, I would not be silent, whatever
               the reward. If I seem to some to be too forward, with my lack of knowledge and my
               even slower tongue, still it is written: ‘Stammering tongues will quickly learn to
               speak peace<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Is32,4">Isaiah 32:4</ref>:
                  The stammering tongue will speak readily and plain.
               </note>.’ How much more should we want to do this, who are, as it is said, a saving
               letter of Christ even to the ends of the earth. Although it is not well expressed,
               still this letter is genuinely and strongly written in your hearts, not with ink, but
               with the spirit of the living God<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="2Cor3,2">2 Corinthians 3:2</ref>:
                  You are our letter, written on our hearts, known and read by all.
               </note>. The Spirit is a witness that what is of the countryside is also created by
               the Most High!</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C12_eng" n="12" corresp="C12_lat">
            <p>So I am first of all a simple country person, a refugee, and unlearned. I do not know
               how to provide for the future. But this I know for certain, that before I was brought
               low, I was like a stone lying deep in the mud. Then he who is powerful came and in
               his mercy pulled me out, and lifted me up and placed me on the very top of the wall<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Ps69,14">Psalm 68(69):15</ref>:
                  Draw me out of the mire, so that I may not stick fast.
               </note>. That is why I must shout aloud in return to the Lord for such great good
               deeds of his, here and now and forever, which the human mind cannot measure.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C13_eng" n="13" corresp="C13_lat">
            <p>So be amazed, all you people great and small who fear God! You well-educated people
               in authority, listen and examine this carefully. Who was it who called one as foolish
               as I am<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="1Cor1,27">1 Corinthians 1:27</ref>:
                  God chooses the foolish.
               </note> from the middle of those who are seen to be wise and experienced in law and
               powerful in speech and in everything? If I am most looked down upon, yet he inspired
               me, before others, so that I would faithfully serve the nations with awe and
               reverence and without blame: the nations to whom the love of Christ brought me<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="2Cor5,14">2 Corinthians 5:14</ref>:
                  The love of Christ urges me on.
               </note>. His gift was that I would spend my life, if I were worthy of it, to serving
               them in truth and with humility to the end.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C14_eng" n="14" part="I" corresp="C14_lat">
            <p>In the knowledge of this faith in the Trinity, and without letting the dangers
               prevent it, it is right to make known the gift of God and his eternal consolation. It
               is right to spread abroad the name of God faithfully and without fear, so that even
               after my death I may leave something of value to the many thousands of my brothers
               and sisters – the children whom I baptised in the Lord.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C15_eng" n="15" part="F" corresp="C15_lat">
            <p>I didn’t deserve at all that the Lord would grant such great grace, after hardships
               and troubles, after captivity, and after so many years among that people. It was
               something which, when I was young, I never hoped for or even thought of.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C16_eng" n="16" part="I" corresp="C16_lat">
            <p>After I arrived in Ireland, I tended sheep every day, and I prayed frequently during
               the day. More and more the love of God increased, and my sense of awe before God.
               Faith grew, and my spirit was moved, so that in one day I would pray up to one
               hundred times, and at night perhaps the same. I even remained in the woods and on the
               mountain, and I would rise to pray before dawn in snow and ice and rain. I never felt
               the worse for it, and I never felt lazy – as I realise now, the spirit was burning in
               me at that time.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C17_eng" n="17" part="M" corresp="C17_lat">
            <p>It was there one night in my sleep that I heard a voice saying to me: “You have
               fasted well. Very soon you will return to your native country.” Again after a short
               while, I heard a someone saying to me: “Look – your ship is ready.” It was not
               nearby, but a good two hundred miles away. I had never been to the place, nor did I
               know anyone there. So I ran away then, and left the man with whom I had been for six
               years. It was in the strength of God that I went – God who turned the direction of my
               life to good; I feared nothing while I was on the journey to that ship.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C18_eng" n="18" part="M" corresp="C18_lat">
            <p>The day I arrived, the ship was about to leave the place. I said I needed to set sail
               with them, but the captain was not at all pleased. He replied unpleasantly and
               angrily: “Don’t you dare try to come with us.” When I heard that, I left them and
               went back to the hut where I had lodgings. I began to pray while I was going; and
               before I even finished the prayer, I heard one of them shout aloud at me: “Come
               quickly – those men are calling you!” I turned back right away, and they began to say
               to me: “Come – we’ll trust you. Prove you’re our friend in any way you wish.” That
               day, I refused to suck their breasts, because of my reverence for God<note place="foot">
                  The practice of symbolically coming under the protection of another by sucking
                     the breast was known in North Africa, Ethiopia, Egypt, Turkey, Armenia,
                     Caucasus region, Albania, as well as Ireland.
               </note>. They were pagans, and I hoped they might come to faith in Jesus Christ. This
               is how I got to go with them, and we set sail right away.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C19_eng" n="19" part="F" corresp="C19_lat">
            <p>After three days we made it to land, and then for twenty eight days we travelled
               through a wilderness. Food ran out, and great hunger came over them. The captain
               turned to me and said: “What about this, Christian? You tell us that your God is
               great and all-powerful – why can’t you pray for us, since we’re in a bad state with
               hunger? There’s no sign of us finding a human being anywhere!” Then I said to them
               with some confidence: “Turn in faith with all your hearts to the Lord my God<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Joel2,12">Joel 2:12</ref>:
                  Turn to me with all your heart.
               </note>, because nothing is impossible for him<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Luke1,37">Luke 1:37</ref>:
                  Nothing is impossible to God.
               </note>, so that he may put food in your way – even enough to make you fully
               satisfied! He has an abundance everywhere.” With the help of God, this is actually
               what happened! A herd of pigs appeared in the way before our eyes! They killed many
               of them and there they remained for two nights, and were fully restored, and the dogs
               too were filled. Many of them had grown weak and left half-alive by the way. After
               this, they gave the greatest of thanks to God, and I was honoured in their eyes. From
               this day on, they had plenty of food. They also found some wild honey, and offered
               some of it to me. However, one of them said: “This honey must have been offered in
               sacrifice to a god.” Thanks be to God, from then on I tasted none of it. </p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C20_eng" n="20" corresp="C20_lat">
            <p>That same night while I was sleeping, Satan
               strongly put me to the test – I will remember it as long as I live! It was as if an
               enormous rock fell on me, and I lost all power in my limbs. Although I knew little
               about the life of the spirit at the time, how was it that I knew to call upon Helias<note place="foot">
                  Significance uncertain: he may be referring to the prophet Elijah (Elias in
                     Latin). Jesus on the cross (<ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Mat27,46-47">Matthew 27:46-47</ref>) called on God using the Hebrew
                     name “Eli”, and bystanders thought he was calling on Elijah. Patrick may also
                     be playing with words, as he refers to the sun shining on him – the Greek for
                     “sun” is Helios. In section 60, Patrick writes of the sun again, and says that
                     Jesus Christ is the sun that does not perish.
               </note>? While these things were happening, I saw the sun rise in the sky, and while
               I was calling “Helias! Helias!” with all my strength, the splendour of the sun fell on
               me; and immediately, all that weight was lifted from me. I believe that I was helped
               by Christ the Lord, and that his spirit cried out for me. I trust that it will be
               like this whenever I am under stress, as the gospel says: “In that day, the Lord
               testifies, it will not be you will speak, but the Spirit of your Father who speaks in you<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Mat10,19-20">Matthew 10:19-20</ref>:
                  It is not you that speaks, but the Spirit of your Father who speaks in you.
               </note>.”</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C21_eng" n="21" corresp="C21_lat">
            <p>It happened again after many years that I was taken a prisoner. On the first night I
               was with them, I heard a divine answer saying to me: “You will be with them for two
               months.” This is how it was: on the sixtieth night, the Lord freed me from their
               hands.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C22_eng" n="22" corresp="C22_lat">
               <p>
                  While we were still on the journey, the Lord provided food and fire and
               shelter every day until we met some people on the tenth day. As I mentioned above, we
               travelled for twenty eight days through the wilderness. On the very night we met
               people, we ran out of food.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C23_eng" n="23" corresp="C23_lat">              
            <p>A few years later I was again with my parents in Britain. They welcomed me as a son,
               and they pleaded with me that, after all the many tribulations I had undergone, I
               should never leave them again. It was while I was there that I saw, in a vision in
               the night, a man<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Dan7,13">Daniel 7:13</ref>:
                  I saw in a vision of the night one like the Son of Man.
               </note> whose name was Victoricus coming as it were from Ireland with so many letters
               they could not be counted. He gave me one of these, and I read the beginning of the
               letter, the voice of the Irish people. While I was reading out the beginning of the
               letter, I thought I heard at that moment the voice of those who were beside the wood
               of Voclut, near the western sea<note place="foot"><name>Voclut</name> (or <name>Foclut</name>) is unknown. <!--?name elements in comments-->
               </note>. They called out as it were with one voice: “We beg you, holy boy, to come
               and walk again among us.” This touched my heart deeply, and I could not read any
               further; I woke up then. Thanks be to God, after many years the Lord granted them
               what they were calling for.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C24_eng" n="24" corresp="C24_lat">
            <p>Another night – I do not know, God knows, whether it was within me or beside me<note place="foot">
               <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="2Cor12,2-3">2 Corinthians 12:2-3</ref>:
                  Whether in the body I know not, or out of the body, I know not; God knows.
               </note> – I heard authoritative words which I could hear but not understand, until at
               the end of the speech it became clear: “The one who gave his life for you, he it is
               who speaks in you”; and I awoke full of joy.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C25_eng" n="25" corresp="C25_lat">
            <p>Another time, I saw in me one who was praying. It was as if I were inside my body,
               and I heard above me, that is, above my inner self. He prayed strongly, with sighs. I
               was amazed and astonished, and pondered who it was who prayed in me; but at the end
               of the prayer, it was clear that it was the Spirit. At this I awoke, and I remembered
               the apostle saying: “The Spirit helps the weaknesses of our prayer; for we do know
               what it is we should pray, but the very Spirit pleads for us with unspeakable sighs,
               which cannot be expressed in words<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Rom8,26">Romans 8:26</ref>:
                  The Spirit helps our weakness. We do not know what to pray as we ought, but the
                     Spirit pleads within us with unspeakable sighs.
               </note>.” And again: “The Lord is our advocate, and pleads for us<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="1John2,1">1 John 2:1</ref>:
                  We have an advocate, Jesus Christ, the just one.
               </note>.”</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C26_eng" n="26" corresp="C26_lat">
            <p>One time I was put to the test by some superiors of mine. They came and put my sins
               against my hard work as a bishop. This hit me very hard, so much so that it seemed I
               was about to fall, both here and in eternity. But the Lord in his kindness spared the
               converts and the strangers for the sake of his name, and strongly supported me when I
               was so badly treated. I did not slip into sin and disgrace. I pray that God not hold
               this sin against them<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Act7,60">Acts 7:60</ref>:
                  Lord, do not hold this sin against them.
               </note>.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C27_eng" n="27" corresp="C27_lat">
            <p>They brought up against me after thirty years something I had already confessed
               before I was a deacon. What happened was that, one day when I was feeling anxious and
               low, with a very dear friend of mine I referred to some things I had done one day –
               rather, in one hour – when I was young, before I overcame my weakness. I don’t know –
               God knows – whether I was then fifteen years old at the time, and I did not then
               believe in the living God, not even when I was a child. In fact, I remained in death
               and unbelief until I was reproved strongly, and actually brought low by hunger and
               nakedness daily.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C28_eng" n="28" corresp="C28_lat">
            <p>My defence was that I remained on in Ireland, and that not of my own choosing, until
               I almost perished. However, it was very good for me, since God straightened me out,
               and he prepared me for what I would be today. I was far different then from what I am
               now, and I have care for others, and I have enough to do to save them. In those days
               I did not even have concern for my own welfare.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C29_eng" n="29" corresp="C29_lat">
            <p>So on the day I was accused by those I mentioned above, that same night I saw in a
               vision of the night some writing before my dishonoured face. In the middle of this, I
               heard an answer from God saying to me: “We have seen with displeasure the face of the
               one who was chosen deprived of his good name.” He did not say: “You have seen with
               displeasure”, but “We have seen with displeasure”, as if he were identifying himself
               with me; as he said “He who touches you as it were touches the pupil of my eye<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Zec2,8">Zechariah 2:8</ref> (or <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Zec2,12">2:12</ref>):
                  He who touches you touches the apple of my eye
               </note>.”</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C30_eng" n="30" corresp="C30_lat">
            <p>For that reason, I give thanks to the one who strengthened me in all things<note place="foot">
               <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="1Tim1,12">1 Timothy 1:12</ref>:
                  I give thanks to the one who strengthened me.
               </note>, so that he would not impede me in the course I had undertaken and from the
               works also which I had learned from Christ my Lord. Rather, I sensed in myself no
               little strength from him, and my faith passed the test before God and people.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C31_eng" n="31" corresp="C31_lat">
            <p>I make bold to say that my conscience does not blame me, now and in the future<note place="foot">
               <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="1John3,21">1 John 3:21</ref>:
                  If our conscience does not condemn us, we can be fearless before God.
               </note>. I have God for witness that I have not told lies in the account I have given
               you.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C32_eng" n="32" corresp="C32_lat">
            <p>But I grieve more for my very dear friend, that we had to hear such an account – the
               one to whom I entrusted my very soul. I did learn from some brothers before the case
               was heard that he came to my defence in my absence. I was not there at the time, not
               even in Britain, and it was not I who brought up the matter. In fact it was he
               himself who told me from his own mouth: “Look, you are being given the rank of
               bishop.” That is something I did not deserve. How could he then afterwards come to
               disgrace me in public before all, both good and bad, about a matter for which he had
               already freely and joyfully forgiven me, as indeed had God, who is greater than
               all?</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C33_eng" n="33" corresp="C33_lat">
            <p>I have said enough about that. I must take care not to hide the gift of God which he
               has generously given us in the land of my captivity. It was then that I looked for
               him with all my strength, and there I found him, and he protected me from all evils –
               this is what I believe – on account of his Spirit living and working in me to this
               very day. I’m proud to tell again of this. God knows, if it were some other person
               who had said this to me, perhaps I would have said nothing, because of the love of
               Christ.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C34_eng" n="34" corresp="C34_lat">
            <p>So I’ll never stop giving thanks to my God, who kept me faithful in the time of my
               temptation. I can today with confidence offer my soul to Christ my Lord as a living victim<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Rom12,1">Romans 12:1</ref>:
                  Offer your bodies as a living sacrifice. 
               </note>. He is the one who defended me in all my difficulties. I can say: Who am I,
               Lord, or what is my calling, that you have worked with me with such divine presence<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="2Sam7,18">2 Samuel 7:18</ref>:
                  Who am I, Lord, that you have done so much for me?
               </note>? This is how I come to praise and magnify your name among the nations all the
               time, wherever I am, not only in good times but in the difficult times too. Whatever
               comes about for me, good or bad, I ought to accept them equally and give thanks to
               God. He has shown me that I can put my faith in him without wavering and without end.
               However ignorant I am, he has heard me, so that in these late days I can dare to
               undertake such a holy and wonderful work. In this way I can imitate somewhat those
               whom the Lord foretold would announce his gospel in witness to all nations before the
               end of the world. This is what we see has been fulfilled. Look at us: we are
               witnesses that the gospel has been preached right out to where there is nobody else
               there!</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C35_eng" n="35" corresp="C35_lat">
            <p>It’s a long story – to tell each and every deed of mine, or even parts of it. I’ll
               make it short, as I tell of how the good God often freed me from slavery, and from
               twelve dangers which threatened my life, as well as from hidden dangers and from
               things which I have no words to express. I wouldn’t want to hurt my readers! God
               knows all things even before they are done, and I have him as my authority that he
               often gave me warnings in heavenly answers, – me, a wretched orphan!</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C36_eng" n="36" corresp="C36_lat">
            <p>From where did this wisdom come to me, a wisdom which was not in me<note place="foot">
               <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Mat13,54">Matthew 13:54</ref> (Said of Jesus):
                  Where did he get this wisdom?
               </note>? I didn’t even know how the number of days<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Job38,21">Job 38:21</ref>:
                  Did you know the number of your days?
               </note>, much less did I know God. Where did such a great and life-giving gift come
               from then, to know and love God, even at the cost of leaving homeland and
               parents?</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C37_eng" n="37" part="I" corresp="C37_lat">
            <p>And many were the gifts offered to me, along with sorrow and tears. There were those
               whom I offended, even against the wishes of some of my superiors; but, with God
               guiding me, I did not consent nor acquiesce to them. It was not by my own grace, but
               God who overcame it in me, and resisted them all so that I could come to the peoples
               of Ireland to preach the gospel. I bore insults from unbelievers, so that I would
               hear the hatred directed at me for travelling here. I bore many persecutions, even
               chains, so that I could give up my freeborn state for the sake of others. If I be
               worthy, I am ready even to give up my life most willingly here and now for his name.
               It is there that I wish to spend my life until I die, if the Lord should grant it to
               me.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C38_eng" n="38" part="F" corresp="C38_lat">
            <p>I am greatly in debt to God. He gave me such great grace, that through me, many
               people should be born again in God and brought to full life. Also that clerics should
               be ordained everywhere for this people who have lately come to believe, and who the
               Lord has taken from the ends of the earth. This is just what he promised in the past
               through his prophet: “The nations will come to you from the ends of the earth, and
               they will say: How false are the idols our fathers got for themselves, and they are
               of no use whatever<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Jer16,19">Jeremiah 16:19</ref>:
                  The nations shall come to you from the ends of the earth, and they shall say:
                     Surely our fathers possessed lies, empty things of no profit to them.
               </note>.” And again: “I have put you as a light to the nations, that you may be their
               salvation to the end of the earth<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Is49,6">Isaiah 49:6</ref>:
                  I have made you a light to the nations, so that you may be my salvation to the
                     ends of the earth.
               </note>.”</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C39_eng" n="39" corresp="C39_lat">
            <p>It is there that I await his promise – he is the one who never deceives, as is
               repeated in the gospel: “They will come from the east and from the west, and they
               will lie down with Abraham and Isaac and Jacob<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Mat8,11">Matthew 8:11</ref>:
                  Many will come from the east and the west, and shall sit down with Abraham and
                     Isaac and Jacob.
               </note>.” We believe that believing people will come from all over the world. </p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C40_eng" n="40" corresp="C40_lat">
            <p>It is right that we should fish well and diligently, as the Lord directs and teaches
               when he says: “Follow me, and I will may you fishers of men<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Mat4,19">Matthew 4:19</ref>:
                  Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men.
               </note>.” And again he says through the prophets: “Behold, I send many fishers and
               hunters, says God<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Jer16,16">Jeremiah 16:16</ref>:
                  Behold, I will send many fishers … after this I will send them many
                     hunters.
               </note>”; and other such sayings. Therefore it is very right that we should cast our
               nets, so that a great multitude and crowd will be taken for God. Also that there
               should be clerics to baptise and encourage a people in need and want. This is what
               the Lord says in the gospel: he warns and teaches in these words: “Go therefore and
               teach all nations, baptising them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the
               Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you; and behold I am
               with you all days, even to the end of the age<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Mat28,19-20">Matthew 28:19-20</ref>:
                  Going, therefore, teach all nations, baptising them in the name of the Father
                     and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit., teaching them to observe all I have
                     commanded you. And behold, I am with you all days to the end of time.
               </note>.” Again he says: “Go out therefore to the whole world and announce the gospel
               to every creature. Whoever believes and is baptised will be saved; whoever does not
               believe will be condemned<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Mark16,15-16">Mark 16:15-16</ref>:
                  Go out to the whole world and preach the gospel to every creature. Whoever
                     believes and is baptised will be saved. Whoever refuses to believe will be
                     condemned.
               </note>.” And yet again: “This gospel of the kingdom will be announced all over the
               world, as testimony to all the nations; and then will come the end<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Mat24,14">Matthew 24:14</ref>:
                  This gospel of the kingdom will be preached to the whole world, as testimony to
                     all nations. Then will come the end.
               </note>.” In the same way, the Lord foretold this through the prophet as he said:
               “And it will come about in the last days, says the Lord, that I will pour out my
               Spirit on all flesh, and your sons and your daughters will prophesy; your young
               people will see visions and your older people will dream dreams. Indeed, on my
               servants, men and women, I will pour out my Spirit and they will prophesy<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Joel2,28-29">Joel 2:28-29</ref>: (also <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Act2,17-18">Acts 2:17-18</ref>)
                  It will come to pass that I will pour out my spirit on all flesh. Your sons and
                     your daughters shall prophesy. Your old men shall dream dreams and your young
                     men shall see visions. Moreover, upon my servants, men and women, in those days
                     I will pour forth my spirit.
               </note>.” Hosea says: “Those who were not my people, I will call my people; and her
               who has not obtained mercy, I will name the one who has obtained mercy<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Hos2,23-24">Hosea 2:23-24</ref>:
                  I will have mercy on her that was without mercy. I will say to that which was
                     not my people: You are my people.
               </note>. In the place where it was said: You are not my people: there they will be
               called children of the living God<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Hos1,10">Hosea 1:10</ref>:
                  Where it was said to them: you are not my people; it shall be said to them: You
                     are children of the living God.
               </note>.”</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C41_eng" n="41" corresp="C41_lat">
            <p>How has this happened in Ireland? Never before did they know of God except to serve
               idols and unclean things. But now, they have become the people of the Lord, and are
               called children of God. The sons and daughters of the leaders of the Irish are seen
               to be monks and virgins of Christ!</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C42_eng" n="42" corresp="C42_lat">
            <p>An example is this. There was a blessed Irish woman of noble birth, a most beautiful
               adult whom I baptised. She came to us a few days later for this reason. She told us
               that she had received word from a messenger of God, who advised her that she should
               become a virgin of Christ, and that she should come close to God. Thanks be to God,
               six days later, enthusiastically and well, she took on the life that all virgins of
               God do. Their fathers don’t like this, of course. These women suffer persecution and
               false accusations from their parents, and yet their number grows! We do not know the
               number of our people who were born there. In addition, there are the widows and the
               celibates. Of all these, those held in slavery work hardest – they bear even terror
               and threats, but the Lord gives grace to so many of the women who serve him. Even
               when it is forbidden, they bravely follow his example.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C43_eng" n="43" part="I" corresp="C43_lat">
            <p>I could wish to leave them to go to Britain. I would willingly do this, and am
               prepared for this, as if to visit my home country and my parents. Not only that, but
               I would like to go to Gaul to visit the brothers and to see the faces of the saints
               of my Lord. God knows what I would dearly like to do. But I am bound in the Spirit,
               who assures me that if I were to do this, I would be held guilty. And I fear, also,
               to lose the work which I began – not so much I as Christ the Lord, who told me to
               come here to be with these people for the rest of my life. May the Lord will it, and
               protect me from every wrong path, so that I do not sin before him.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C44_eng" n="44" part="F" corresp="C44_lat">
            <p>I hope to do what I should. I know I cannot trust myself as long as I am in this body
               subject to death<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Rom7,24">Romans 7:24</ref>:
                  Who will rescue me from the body of this death?
               </note>. There is one who is strong, who tries every day to undermine my faith, and
               the chastity of genuine religion I have chosen to the end of my life for Christ my
               Lord. The flesh can be an enemy dragging towards death, that is, towards doing those
               enticing things which are against the law. I know to some extent how I have not led a
               perfect life like other believers. But I acknowledge this to my Lord, and I do not
               blush in his sight. I am not telling lies: from the time in my youth that I came to
               know him, the love and reverence for God grew in me, and so far, with the Lord’s
               help, I have kept faith.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C45_eng" n="45" corresp="C45_lat">
            <p>Those who wish may laugh and insult. But I will not be silent, nor will I hide the
               signs and wonders which the Lord has shown me even many years before they came about.
               He knows all things even before the beginning of time.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C46_eng" n="46" corresp="C46_lat">
            <p>So I want to give thanks to God without ceasing. He frequently forgave my lack of
               wisdom and my negligence, and more than once did not become very angry with me, the
               one who was meant to be his helper. I was not quick to accept what he showed me, and
               so the Spirit prompted me. The Lord was merciful to me a thousand thousand times,
               because he saw in me that I was ready, but that I did not know what I should do about
               the state of my life. There were many who forbade this mission. They even told
               stories among themselves behind my back, and the said: “Why does he put himself in
               danger among hostile people who do not know God?” It was not that they were malicious
               – they just did not understand, as I myself can testify, since I was just an
               unlearned country person. Indeed, I was not quick to recognise the grace that was in
               me; I know now what I should have done then.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C47_eng" n="47" corresp="C47_lat">
            <p>Now, therefore, I have informed my brothers and my fellow-servants who believed me,
               because I gave them warning, and I warn them now, in order to strengthen and confirm
               your faith. Oh that you would imitate greater things, and do more powerful things<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="John14,12">John 14:12</ref>:
                  Whoever believes in me will perform the same works as I do myself, and will do
                     even greater things.
               </note>! This will be my glory, since a wise son is the glory of his father<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Prov10,1">Proverbs 10:1</ref>:
                  A wise son makes his father glad.
               </note>!</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C48_eng" n="48" corresp="C48_lat">
            <p>You all know, and God knows, how I have lived among you since my youth, in true faith
               and in sincerity of heart. Towards the pagan people too among whom I live, I have
               lived in good faith, and will continue to do so. God knows that I have not been
               devious with even one of them, nor do I think of doing so, for the sake of God and
               his church. I would not want to arouse persecution of them and of all of us; nor
               would I want that the Lord’s name should be blasphemed on account of me<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Rom2,24">Romans 2:24</ref>:
                  Through you, the name of the Lord is blasphemed among the nations.
               </note>; since it is written: “Woe to the one through whom the name of the Lord is
               blasphemed.”</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C49_eng" n="49" corresp="C49_lat">
            <p>I know that I am inexperienced in all things. But still, I have tried to keep a guard
               on myself and for the Christians and virgins of Christ and religious women who were
               giving me small gifts of their own accord. When they would throw some of their
               ornaments on the altar, I would give them back to them. They were hurt at me that I
               would do this. But it was because of the hope of the eternal gift, that I was careful
               in all things, in case unbelievers would trap me or my ministry of service for any
               reason. Nor did I want to give those who could not believe even the slightest reason
               for speaking against me or take my character away.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C50_eng" n="50" part="I" corresp="C50_lat">
            <p>Perhaps, however, when I baptised so many thousands of people, did I hope to receive
               even the smallest payment? If so, tell me, and I will return it to you. Or when the
               Lord ordained clerics everywhere through my poor efforts, and I gave this service to
               them for free, if I asked them to pay even for the cost of my shoes – tell it against
               me, and I will return it to you and more.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C51_eng" n="51" part="F" corresp="C51_lat">
            <p>I spend myself for you, so that you may have me for yours. I have travelled
               everywhere among you for your own sake, in many dangers, and even to the furthest
               parts where nobody lived beyond, and where nobody ever went to baptise and to ordain
               clerics or to bring people to fulfilment. It is only by God’s gift that I diligently
               and most willingly did all of this for your good.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C52_eng" n="52" corresp="C52_lat">
            <p>At times I gave gifts to kings, over and above what I paid to their sons who
               travelled with me. Despite this, they took me and my companions prisoner, and very
               much wanted to kill me, but the time had not yet come. They stole everything they
               found in our possession, and they bound me in iron. On the fourteenth day, the Lord
               set me free from their power; all our possessions were returned to us for God’s sake,
               and for the sake of the close friendship we had had previously.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C53_eng" n="53" corresp="C53_lat">
            <p>You know yourselves how much I expended on those who were the judges in those regions
               which I most frequently visited. I estimate that I gave out not less than the price
               of fifteen persons, so that you might benefit from me, and that I might benefit from
               you in God. I’m not<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="1Sam12,3">1 Samuel 12:3</ref>:
                  Tell me: whose ox have I taken? I will return it.
               </note> sorry I did it, nor was it even enough for me – I still spend, and will spend
               more. The Lord is powerful, and he can grant me still to spend my very self for the
               sake of your souls<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="2Cor12,5">2 Corinthians 12:15</ref>:
                  I most gladly will spend and be spent myself for your souls.
               </note>.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C54_eng" n="54" corresp="C54_lat">
            <p> See now: I call on God as witness in my soul that I tell no lie<note place="foot">
               <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Gal1,20">Galatians 1:20</ref>:
                  The things I write to you: behold, before God, I do not lie.
               </note>. Nor would I write to you looking for your praise, nor out of greed – it’s
               not that I hope for honour from any of you for myself. It is the honour which is not
               yet to be seen, but which is believed in the heart, which is what gives me
               satisfaction. The one who gave the promise is faithful, and never lies.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C55_eng" n="55" corresp="C55_lat">
            <p>I see that already in this present age the Lord has given me a greatness more than
               could be expected. I was not worthy of this, not the kind of person the Lord would do
               this for, since I know for certain that poverty and calamity are more my style than
               riches and enjoyment. But Christ the Lord became poor for us<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="2Cor8,9">2 Corinthians 8:9</ref>:
                  Our Lord Jesus Christ became poor for your same.
               </note>; I too am wretched and unhappy. Even if I were to wish for riches, I do not
               have them. I am not trying to judge myself, since every day there is the chance that
               I will be killed, or surrounded, or be taken into slavery, or some other such
               happening. But I fear none of these things, because of the promises of heaven. I have
               cast myself into the hands of almighty God, who is the ruler of all places, as the
               prophet says: “Cast your concerns on God, and he will sustain you<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Ps55,22">Psalm 54(55):23</ref>:
                  Cast your care upon the Lord and he will sustain you.
               </note>.”</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C56_eng" n="56" corresp="C56_lat">
            <p>Now I commend my soul to my most faithful God<note place="foot">
               <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="1Pet4,19">1 Peter 4:19</ref>:
                  Cast your souls in good deeds to the faithful creator.
               </note>. For him I perform the work of an ambassador<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="2Cor5,20">2 Corinthians 5:20</ref>:
                  We are ambassadors for Christ.
               </note>, despite my less than noble condition. However, God is not influenced by such
               personal situations, and he chose me for this task so that I would be one servant of
               his very least important servants.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C57_eng" n="57" corresp="C57_lat">
            <p>So I shall make a return to him for all that he has given to me<note place="foot">
               <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Ps116,12">Psalm 116 (114-115):12</ref>:<!-- ref added -->
                  What return can I make to the Lord for his generosity to me?
               </note>. But what can I say, or what can I promise to my Lord? There is nothing I
               have that is not his gift to me. But he knows the depths of my heart, my very gut
               feelings! He knows that it is enough that I desire very much, and am ready for this,
               that he would grant me to drink of his chalice, just as he was pleased to do for
               others who loved him<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Mat20,22">Matthew 20:22</ref>:
                  Can you drink the cup I am going to drink?
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Mat26,39">Matthew 26:39</ref>:
                  If possible, let this cup pass.
               </note>.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C58_eng" n="58" part="I" corresp="C58_lat">
            <p>For this reason, may God not let it come about that I would suffer the loss of his
               people who have become his in the furthermost parts of the earth. I pray that God
               give me perseverance, and that he grant me to bear faithful witness to him right up
               to my passing from this life, for the sake of my God.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C59_eng" n="59" part="F" corresp="C59_lat">
            <p> If I have ever imitated anything good for the sake of my God whom I love, I ask that
               he grant me to be able to shed my blood with these converts and captives – even were
               I to lack a grave for burial, or my dead body were to be miserably torn apart limb
               from limb by dogs or wild beasts, or were the birds of heaven to devour it. I declare
               with certainty that if this were to happen, I would have gained both my soul and my
               body. There is no doubt whatever that we will rise on the appointed day in the
               brightness of the sun, that is, in the glory of Christ Jesus our redeemer. We shall
               be like children of the living God and co-heirs of Christ<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Rom8,16-17">Romans 8:16,17</ref>:
                  We are children of God and heirs also: heirs of God and co-heirs with
                     Christ.
               </note> and to be fashioned in his image, since it is from him and through him and in
               him that we are to reign.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C60_eng" n="60" corresp="C60_lat">
            <p>The sun which we see rising for us each day at his command, that sun will never reign
               nor will its splendour continue forever; and all those who adore that sun will come
               to a bad, miserable penalty. We, however, believe in and adore the true sun, that is,
               Christ, who will never perish. Nor will they perish who do his will but they will
               abide forever just as Christ will abide forever<note place="foot">
                  <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="1John2,17">1 John 2:17</ref>:
                  The world is passing away; but the one who does the will of God abides
                     forever.
               </note>. He lives with God the Father almighty and with the Holy Spirit before the
               ages began, and now, and for all the ages of ages. Amen.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C61_eng" n="61" corresp="C61_lat">
            <p>Again and again I briefly put before you the words of my confession. I testify in
               truth and in great joy of heart before God and his holy angels that I never had any
               other reason for returning to that nation from which I had earlier escaped, except
               the gospel and God’s promises.</p>
         </div>
            <div xml:id="C62_eng" n="62" corresp="C62_lat">
            <p>I pray for those who believe in and have reverence for God. Some of them may happen
               to inspect or come upon this writing which Patrick, a sinner without learning, wrote
               in Ireland. May none of them ever say that whatever little I did or made known to
               please God was done through ignorance. Instead, you can judge and believe in all
               truth that it was a gift of God. This is my confession before I die.</p>
         </div>
      </body>
      <back>
         <div xml:id="preface_McCarthy_01" type="preface">
            <!-- >Extract from the translators's preface: -->
            <head>NOTES ON THE TRANSLATION</head>
            <p>There are many translations of the writings of St Patrick available. 
               This translation is offered so as to make one easily available at a low cost, in
               order to encourage familiarity with the writings.
            </p>
            <!-- <p>On a more personal and local note for me, it also marks the celebration of the 200th anniversary of
               the small country church of St Patrick, Barranisky (1803-2003), in our parish of Avoca, Co Wicklow!
               </p> -->
            <p>Exact dates for St Patrick are uncertain. His arrival in Ireland is often dated as
               432, and his death occurring in 461.</p>
            <p>Printing did not come until hundreds of years later. Our copies of the writings of
               Patrick are in "manuscript" – hand-written. There are eight manuscripts in
               existence. The oldest (807 A.D.) is in the <ref type="ms" cRef="ms_dublin" target="ms_dublin">Book of Armagh in Trinity
                  College, Dublin</ref>.</p>      
            <p>Nowadays, we usually think of a "confession" as when a person acknowledges some guilt
               for wrongdoing. An older use has other meanings:</p>
            <p>Confession of sin.</p>
            <p>Confession of God's greatness – Praise.</p>
            <p>Confession of Faith – as in the Creed, a profession of faith.</p>
            <p>The Confession of St Patrick is mostly the second usage: the telling of the greatness
               of God as Patrick has experienced it in his own life, despite all his limitations.
               There is some of the third usage (as in <ref type="internal" cRef="confessio_english" target="C04_eng">section 4</ref> of the
               Confession), and a little of the first (<ref type="internal" cRef="confessio_english" target="C26_eng">sections 26</ref> and
               <ref type="internal" cRef="confessio_english" target="C27_eng">27</ref>).</p>
            <p>The Letter to the Soldiers of Coroticus is about a specific wrong which was done.
               Patrick's anger and hurt are very evident in this.</p>
            <p>Patrick often quotes parts of the Bible directly. Even more frequently he uses
               phrases from the Bible as a normal part of his writing. On the column on the right
               side of each page, some of the more obvious quotations are given approximately
               opposite where they are used. To give every single possible allusion would make this
               <supplied resp="FF">translation</supplied> far too unwieldy. <ref type="biblio" cRef="OLoughlin1999">Thomas O'Loughlin</ref> and <ref type="biblio" cRef="Conneely1993">Daniel Conneely</ref>
               offer more than 500 references.</p>
         </div> 
         <div xml:id="preface_McCarthy_02" type="addional">
            <head>SOME NOTES ON REFERENCES TO BOOKS OF THE BIBLE</head>
            <p>Which Bible did Patrick use? The different parts of the Bible which we call the
               "Books of the Bible" were written in Hebrew and in Greek over a very long period of
               time. Some passages existed in spoken form and were passed on by word of mouth from
               one generation to the next, before being written down. The work of translating the
               Bible into the everyday language of people has been going on for a long time. Before
               the time of Jesus Christ, the Hebrew writings had been translated into Greek for Jews
               who grew up where that was the language. Today, there are many different translations
               of the Bible into some languages, such as English; some other languages have as yet
               no translation, or an incomplete one. St Jerome, who died when Patrick was a young
               man, worked on a new translation into Latin (we call it the "Vulgate"). There are
               detailed studies of Patrick's sources of the Scripture he used, and of various other
               writings with which he seems to have been familiar. See <ref type="biblio" cRef="Conneely1993">Conneely</ref> and
               <ref type="biblio" cRef="OLoughlin1999">O'Loughlin</ref>.</p>
            <p>In Patrick's time, the books of the Bible had not yet been divided into chapters and
               verse numbers, as we use nowadays. Manuscripts could be written without even spaces
               between words and sentences, and without punctuation! The chapters and verses are not
               original. There were some divisions used at times; but the system of chapters
               generally in use today was devised in <date>1205</date> by <name>Stephen Langton</name>, a professor in Paris,
               later Archbishop of Canterbury, who put them into a Vulgate edition of the Bible.
               <name>Robert Stephanus</name>, a book printer in Paris, is credited with our division of the
               chapters into verses in <date>1551</date>.</p>
            <p>The references to the Bible given in this booklet follow the divisions into chapters
               and verses we use nowadays, so you can look them up in your own Bible to get a feel
               for the context of the pieces he uses. In your Bible, you'll find a list of the
               contents – what we call the different "books" of the Bible, even though they were not
               written as "books" as we use the word today. The first number after the name of the
               book is the chapter number. The next number(s) give the verse numbers – this is a way
               of numbering the sentences or parts of sentences in each chapter, so that it's easy
               to find the place. For example, the first reference given in the Confession is <ref type="biblical" cRef="KJV" corresp="Dan9,4-6">Daniel 9:4-6.</ref> This is the Book of Daniel, chapter 9,
               verses 4 to 6.</p>
            <p>Depending on the Bible you follow, you may find references to Books which you cannot
               find in your Bible. Check whether you have the full Christian Bible, or just what we
               call the "Old Testament" or the "New Testament". Even if you have both, you may still
               find references to Books not in your Bible. In this translation, there is reference
               to the Book of Tobit, to the Book of Sirach (also called Ecclesiasticus) and to the
               Book of Wisdom. These are books accepted as the inspired Word of God by some
               Christian churches, and not by others. These are often called the "Apocrypha" or the
               "Deuterocanonical" Books.</p>
            <p>Where a Psalm is referred to, numbering of Psalms varies. There are 150 Psalms in all
               Bibles, but some combine two where another translation numbers them separately. If
               you can't find the reference you want, look at a Psalm one or two before or after the
               number given, or one or two after, and you should find what you want. Verse numbers
               can also vary a little.</p>
         </div>               
      </back>
     </text>
</TEI>
